FIBRE TO FABRIC Class VI Chapter 3 (C.B.S.E.)

 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PREPARATION OF CLOTHES

3. NATURAL FIBRES- COTTON & JUTE

4. GINNING OF COTTON FIBRES

5. WEAVING AND KNITTING

6. SPINNING OF FIBRES

7. CHARKHA, TAKALI, HAND LOOMS AND POWER LOOMS

8. HISTORY OF MAKING CLOTHES

9. SYNTHETIC FIBRES

1. INTRODUCTION-Since time immemorial humans started searching for clothes to cover their body. It was essential to protect the body from cold winds, venomous snakes, insect bite and development of culture.

Animal skins and barks were earlier things to cover their body. Later on, many other natural things were discovered. e. g. – Silk, Jute, cotton

Cotton balls

                                            

2. PREPARATION OF CLOTHES-The clothes are prepared by arranging horizontal threads and vertical threads. Threads are also known as yarn.

                                               

3. NATURAL FIBRES- COTTON & JUTE-Cotton is a natural fibre. It is obtained from Cotton ball. The cotton fibres are removed from cotton balls by ‘ginning’. Large comb is used in ginning. Cotton grows well in Black soil found in South India. e. g.- Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Telangana etc.

Uses-  1. Preparing Bandage      

           2. Cotton for operation.        

           3. Cotton for cloth making etc.

Jute is a major cash crop in India. It is mainly grown in W. Bengal, Bihar, and Assam. Cotton is extracted from cotton balls.

4. GINNING OF COTTON FIBRES– The extraction of cotton fibers from the cotton balls by comb or machine is called ginning.

Ginning by Machine

       

Ginning by Comb

 5. WEAVING AND KNITTING–The preparation of cloth by using two yarns is called weaving. e. g. Assamese towel, Shawls etc.

 

The preparation of cloth by using only one yarn is called as knitting. e. g. Muffler, Sweater  etc.

6. SPINNING OF FIBRES- The process of making yarn from fibres is called as spinning. The charkha or spinning wheel was popular for making yarns for cloths. Takli or Spindle does the same work but slowly. Takli is hand-driven device for spinning. Spinning is nowadays done in spinning mills.

7. CHARKHA, TAKALI, HAND LOOMS AND POWER LOOMS–The charkha or spinning wheel was popular for making yarns for cloths. Takali does the same work but slowly. Hand looms and power looms help in cloth making.

Takli

Charkha

8. HISTORY OF MAKING CLOTHES–Cloth making in Indian subcontinent started in Indus valley civilization or even before. The long sari, Dhoti, turban etc. were weared in India in different ways and forms.

  

 

‘Kimonos’ are traditional wear of Japanese Ladies.

9. SYNTHETIC FIBRES– Those fibres which are prepared in the factories are called as synthetic fibres. They are made from some chemicals or by processing of natural materials. Synthetic fibres are also called as artificial fibres. e.g.- Nylon, Polyester, Acrylic, Rayon etc.

EXERCISE QUESTIONS-

Q.1 Classify the following fibres as a natural or synthetic:

Nylon, Wool, Cotton, Silk, Polyester, Jute

Ans-Natural Fibres- Wool, Cotton, Silk and Jute

Synthetic Fibres- Nylon and Polyester

Q.2 State whether the following statements are true or false:

(a) Yarn is made from fibres.

(b) Spinning is a process of making fibres.

(c) Jute is the outer covering of coconut.

(d) The process of removing seed from cotton is called ginning.

(e) Weaving of yarn makes a piece of fabric.

(f) Silk fibre is obtained from the stem of a plant.

(g) Polyester is a natural fibre.

Ans- 

(a) True

(b)False

(c) False

(d) True

(e) True

(f) False

(g) False

Q.3 Fill in the blanks:

(a) Plant fibres are obtained from ……..and …………….

(b) Animal fibres are …………….. and …………………

Ans-

(a) fruits, stem

(b) silk, wool

Q.4 From which parts of plant, cotton and jute are obtained?

Ans- Cotton fibres are obtained from fruits of cotton plants. The fruits of cotton are called cotton balls. Jute fibres are obtained from stem of jute plants. The barks of jute plants are undergo retting and soft barks of jute stems are removed manually.

Q.5 Name two items that are made from coconut fibre.

Ans-

(i) Coir mattresses

(ii) Baskets

Q.6 Explain the process of making yarn from fibre.

Ans- The process of making yarn from fibres is called as spinning. In spinning process the fibres are used in the spinning mills to twist into yarns or threads. The charkha or spinning wheel was popular for making yarns for cloths. Takli or Spindle does the same work but slowly. Takli is hand-driven device for spinning. Spinning is nowadays done in spinning mills.