71 % of
71 % of the Earth is covered with water. This water is present in oceans, rivers, lakes, ice caps, glaciers, ground water and in the atmosphere. The water on the earth can be categorized into-Fresh water (2.5%) and saline or salty water (97.5%). The saline water is found in the oceans, sea, underground saline water (0.93%) and as saline water in the lakes (0.0062%).
The fresh water is found in polar ice caps as condensed ice (68.6%), ground water (30%) and the rest 1.4 % is found in form of ice, snow, soil moisture, in lakes, rivers, biological water of plants, animals, atmospheric water and water of marshy areas. Therefore, only 0.006 % of total water is available for human use. About 67 % of fresh water is used for agriculture, household use consumes about 9 % , water supply consumes about 8 % , electricity and gas generation consumes about 7 % water , manufacturing consumes about 4 % , mining consumes about 2 % and rest 3 % is used in other activities. As per United Nations (U.N.) guidelines the amount of water a person should use for drinking, washing, bathing and washing is 50 liters per day. But it is hardly available to most of the people of the world. Looking upon the importance of fresh water year 2003 was declared as International year of fresh water by United Nations General assembly in resolution 55/196.
Answer the following questions on the basis of this passage-
Q.1.1 Which kind of activities are together causing more than 70 % depletion of fresh water?
A. Household consumption B. Agriculture and Industries
C. Electricity and Mining D. Water supply and Gas Generation
Options- (a) Both A and C (b) Both A and B
(c) Both C and D (d) Both A and D
Scoring Key
Full credit- Full Credit b) Agriculture and Industries
No credit- Any other or missing response
Analysis of Question
Context- Frontiers of science and technology
Situation-Global
Process /Competencies- Explaining phenomena scientifically
Theme- Physical System
Level-Medium
Question Format-Complex M.C.Q.
Q.1.2 What is the amount of water a person should use per day as per U.N. guidelines?
(a) 40 Liters (b) 60 Liters
(c) 50 Liters (d) 30 Liters
Scoring Key
Full credit- c) 50 Liters
No credit- Any other response or missing response
Analysis of Question
Context- Frontiers of science and technology
Situation-Global
Process /Competencies- Explaining Phenomena scientifically
Theme- Physical System
Level-Low
Question Format-Simple M.C.Q.
Q.1.3 What is the percentage of underground saline water?
(a) Less than 1 percentage (b) Less than 2 percentage
(c) More than 2 percentage (d) More than 1 percentage
Scoring Key
Full credit- a) Less than 1 percentage
No credit- Any other or missing response
Analysis of Question
Context- Frontiers of science and technology
Situation-Global
Process /Competencies- Explaining Phenomena scientifically
Theme- Physical System
Level-Easy
Question Format- Simple M.C.Q.
Q.1.4 The percentage of fresh water available for human consumption is equal to what?
(a) Underground saline water (b) Saline water in lakes
(c) The whole fresh water on the Earth (d) 1.4 % present in ice caps, lakes, plants etc.
Scoring Key
Full credit- b) Saline water in lakes
No credit- Any other response or missing response
Analysis of Question
Context- Frontiers of science and technology
Situation-Global
Process /Competencies- Explaining Phenomena scientifically
Theme- Physical System
Level-Easy
Question Format-Simple M.C.Q.
Q.1.5 which year was observed by U.N. as International Year of Fresh water?
(a) 2001 (b) 2002
(c) 2003 (d) 2004
Scoring Key
Full credit- c) 2003
No credit- Any other response or missing response
Analysis of Question
Context- Frontiers of science and technology
Situation-Global
Process /Competencies- Explaining Phenomena scientifically
Theme- Physical System
Level-Easy
Question Format-Simple M.C.Q.
Q.1.6 What are the methods by which we can conserve water?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Scoring Key
Full credit- on any two methods or idea of water conservation,Drip Irrigation , Sprinklers etc.
Partial Credit- Either Drip or Sprinkler or similar response
No credit- Any other or missing response
Analysis of Question
Context- Frontiers of science and technology
Situation-Global
Process /Competencies- Explaining Phenomena scientifically
Theme- Physical System
Level-High
Question Format-Open constructive type